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  • Food Safety
    • Recalls & Public Health Alerts
      • Report a Problem with Food
        • Additional Recalls
      • Annual Recall Summaries
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2012
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2013
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2014
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2015
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2016
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2017
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2018
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2019
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2020
        • Summary of Recall Cases in Calendar Year 2021
        • Summary of Recall and PHA Cases in Calendar Year 2022
    • Food Safety Stats
      • Consumer Research
    • Foodborne Illness and Disease
      • Illnesses and Pathogens
        • Campylobacter
          • Campylobacter En Español
        • Clostridium botulinum
        • Escherichia coli O157:H7
        • Parasites and Foodborne Illness
        • Salmonella Questions and Answers
      • Resources for Public Health Partners
        • State Departments of Public Health
      • Outbreaks
        • Outbreak Investigations: Prevention
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    • Safe Food Handling and Preparation
      • Food Safety Basics
        • Additives in Meat and Poultry Products
        • Appliance Thermometers
        • Asar a la parrilla y seguridad alimentaria
        • Cleanliness Helps Prevent Foodborne Illness
        • Cooking for Groups
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        • Cutting Boards
        • Deep Fat Frying
        • Doneness Versus Safety
        • Food Allergies
        • Glossary of Packaging Terms
        • Grilling Food Safely
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        • High Altitude Cooking
        • How Temperatures Affect Food
        • How to Find the USDA Establishment Number
        • Importing Meat, Poultry & Egg Products US
        • Inspection for Food Safety: The Basics
        • Irradiation and Food Safety FAQ
        • Keeping "Bag" Lunches Safe
        • Keeping Food Safe During an Emergency
        • Kitchen Thermometers
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        • Meat and Poultry Labeling Terms
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        • Safe Handling of Take-Out Foods
        • Slaughter Inspection 101
        • Slow Cookers and Food Safety
        • Smoking Meat and Poultry
        • Tailgating Food Safety Q & A
        • Understanding FSIS Food Recalls
        • Water in Meat & Poultry
        • Danger Zone 40F - 140F
        • Food Product Dating
        • Freezing and Food Safety
        • Leftovers and Food Safety
        • Molds on Food: Are They Dangerous?
          • Hongos en los Alimentos: ¿Son Peligrosos?
        • Refrigeration
        • Safe Temperature Chart
        • Shelf-Stable Food
        • Steps to Keep Food Safe
        • The Big Thaw — Safe Defrosting Methods
        • The Color of Meat and Poultry
        • Washing Food: Does it Promote Food Safety?
        • Food Safety While Hiking, Camping & Boating
        • Seguridad Alimentaria Durante Caminatas, Campamentos y Paseos en Bote
      • Meat
        • Bacon and Food Safety
        • Bagre de la Granja a la Mesa
        • Beef From Farm To Table
        • Bison from Farm to Table
        • Carne de res ablandada mecánicamente
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        • Color of Cooked Ground Beef as It Relates to Doneness
        • Corned Beef
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        • Goat from Farm to Table
        • Ground Beef and Food Safety
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        • Jerky
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        • Roasting Those "Other" Holiday Meats
        • Sausages and Food Safety
        • Veal from Farm to Table
        • Yersiniosis and Chitterlings Tips
      • Poultry
        • Chicken From Farm to Table
        • Chicken Liver
        • Duck and Goose from Farm to Table
        • Hock Locks and Other Accoutrements
        • Is Pink Turkey Meat Safe?
        • Let's Talk Turkey Roasting
        • Poultry Processing: Questions & Answers
        • Poultry: Basting, Brining, and Marinating
        • Stuffing and Food Safety
        • The Poultry Label Says "Fresh"
        • Turduckens Require Safe Food Handling
        • Turkey Basics: Handling Cooked Dinners
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Cooking
        • Turkey Basics: Safe Thawing
        • Turkey Basics: Stuffing
        • Turkey from Farm to Table
        • Turkey: Alternate Routes to the Table
      • Eggs
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        • Shell Eggs from Farm to Table
      • Emergencies
        • A Consumer's Guide to Food Safety: Severe Storms and Hurricanes
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        • Microbiological Testing Program for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)
          • Year-to-Date Totals: Testing of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
          • Annual Report for STEC in Raw Ground Beef or Veal and Raw Ground Beef or Veal Components
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2017
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2018
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2016
          • Individual E. coli Positive Results for Raw Ground Beef (RGB) and RGB Components 2015
          • Year-to-Date 2018 Totals: Results of Raw Ground Beef Component (RGBC) Samples for E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC):
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        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2017
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2018
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2019
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2020
        • FSIS Data Analysis and Reporting: Public Health Regulations FY 2023
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        • 2021-2023 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
        • NACMCF 2022 Subcommittee
        • 2018-2020 National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria For Foods (NACMCF)
  • Inspection
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        • Reducing Salmonella in Poultry
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            • Component 3
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      • New Technology
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2003
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2004
        • Cooperative Agreements FY 2005
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2003
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2004
        • Food Safety Technologies FY 2005
        • NOL for Non-O157 STEC Test Methods
        • New Technology Information Table
      • Humane Handling
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      • Import Guidance
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        • ARCHIVE: Dearborn, Mich., Circuit Inspectors Receive Collaborative Coins
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Journal Publications

Scientific Literature

Below are citations to scientific literature organized by year. Some of these citations include a link to the article. You will be leaving the FSIS website when you follow some of these links.

  • Ebel E., Kause J., Williams M., Schlosser W., Defibaugh-Chavez S., Tameru B. 2022. A quantitative risk metric to support individual sanitary measure reviews in international trade. International Journal of Food Microbiology 369, 109616.
  • Harrison, L., Tyson, G. H., Strain, E., Lindsey, R. L., Strockbine, N., Ceric, O., Fortenberry, G. Z., Harris, B., Shaw, S., Tillman, G., Zhao, S. and Dessai, U. 2022. Use of Large-Scale Genomics to Identify the Role of Animals and Foods as Potential Sources of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli That Cause Human Illness. Foods. 2022 Jul 3;11(13):1975. DOI: 10.3390/foods11131975.
  • Williams M., Ebel E., Golden N., Saini G., Nyirabahizi E., Clinch, N. 2022. Assessing the effectiveness of performance standards for Salmonella contamination of chicken parts. International Journal of Food Microbiology 378, 109801.
  • Williams, M. S., & Ebel, E. D. (2022). Temporal changes in the proportion of Salmonella outbreaks associated with 12 food commodity groups in the United States. Epidemiology and Infection, 150, E126. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268822001042.

  • Bosilevac, J., Scott, M., Tankson, J. 2021. Assessing Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in FSIS Regulatory Pork Samples. IAFP. Volume 84, page 56.
     
  • Carter, J. M., Abdelmajid, N., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Kremer-Caldwell, S., Seys, S. A., Whitaker, R. 2021. Effects of Antimicrobial Interventions on Indicator Organisms during Beef Slaughter and Dressing. Journal of Food Protection. Volume 84, No. 4, 664-673. 
     
  • Chen, W., Levine, J. 2021. Salmonella Serotypes from FSIS Samples Linked to Outbreaks. IAFP. Volume 84, page 34.
     
  • Day, M., Hammons, S., Rozier, L., Scott, M., Tillman, G., Simmons, M., Shaw, W. 2021. Aligning Confirmation Criteria for E. coli O157:H7 and the “top-six” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). IAFP. Volume 84, pages 59-60.
     
  • Domesle, A., Duverna, R., Ochoa, C. 2021. Monitoring Environmental Contaminants in Meat, Poultry, and Egg Products. IAFP. Volume 84, page 192.
     
  • Harrison, L., Mukherjee, S., Hsu, C-H, Young, S., Strain, E., Zhang, Q., Tillman, G. E., Morales, C., Haro, J. and Zhao, S. 2021. Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli. Front. Microbiol. 12:703890. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.703890/full
     
  • Kause, J., Ebel, E., Schlosser, W., Williams, M., Tameru, B., Defibaugh-Chavez, S. 2021. Developing a New Quantitative Risk Metric Tool to Support Individual Sanitary Measure Equivalence Reviews. IAFP. Volume 84, page 59.
     
  • Kremer-Caldwell, S., McMillan, S., Good, L. 2021. Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on Salmonella Percent Positive in Raw Poultry Slaughter Establishments. IAFP. Volume 84, page 54.
     
  • Lenov, I., Domesle, A., Esteban, E. 2021. Continued Monitoring of PFAS in U.S. Food Supply. IAFP. Volume 84, page 96.
     
  • Li, C., Tyson, G. H., Hsu, C.-H., Harrison, L., Strain, E., Tran, T.-T., Tillman, G. E., Dessai, U., McDermott, P. F. and Zhao, S. 2021. Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Evolution and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica. Front. Microbiol.
     
  • Mamber, S., Barlow, K., Collaro, T. 2021. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Occurrence in Raw Ground Beef Samples Collected at Retail. IAFP. Volume 84, page 113.
     
  • Mamber, S., Scott, M., Hammons, S. 2021. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Recovered from Verification Sampling of Raw Beef Products Collected by the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. IAFP. Volume 84, page 196.
     
  • Rockwell, C., Dessai, U., Shaw, S., Fortenberry, G., Hendricks, K., Dunham, A., Whitaker, R., Berhanu, T., Ben-Ghaly, L., Taylor, T., Haro, J., Pretecrum, S. 2021. Salmonella Isolates and Antimicrobial-resistance Trends in FSIS Sampling for the National Antimicrobial-resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), 2014–2019. IAFP. Volume 84, page 197.
     
  • Schlosser, W., Saini, G., Duverna, R., Stapp-Kamotani, E., Despero, S. 2021. FSIS Siluriformes Sampling at Five Years. IAFP. Volume 84, page 195.
     
  • Simmons, M., Wasilenko, J., Ben-Ghaly, L., Manis, L., Shaw, W., Dessai, U., Fortenberry, G., Shawwa, S., Tillman, G. 2021. NARMS Expansion Project: Exploring Salmonella Isolates from Cattle Lymph Nodes in FSIS. IAFP. Volume 84, page 56.
     
  • Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J., Simmons, M., Beacorn, F., Ben-Ghaly, L., Shaw, W., McMillan, E., Frye, J., Tyson, G., Folster, J. 2021. Expansion of Salmonella Infantis pESI plasmid to Additional Salmonella Serotypes. IAFP. Volume 84, page 71.
     
  • Wasilenko, J., Simmons, M., Hammons, S., Scott, M., Day, M., Shaw, W., Tillman, G. 2021. Risk Ranking of FSIS Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Based on Virulence Genes. IAFP. Volume 84, page 59.
     
  • Williams, M. S., Ebel, E. D., and Nyirabahizj, E, 2021. Comparative history of Campylobacter contamination on chicken meat and campylobacteriosis cases in the United States: 1994–2018. International Journal of Food Microbiology 342, 109075.

  • Bernstein, C., Shumaker, E., Cates, S., Shelley, L., Goulter, R., Goodson, L., Kirchner, M., Sander., C., Jaykus, L., Chapman, B. 2020. Consumer Preparation and Thermometer Use for Cooking Not-Ready-to-Eat Frozen, Breaded Poultry Products and Vegetables: Findings from an Observational Study. IAFP. Volume 83, page 55.
     

  • Domesle, A., Esteban J., Lenov, I. 2020. Detection and Monitoring of 16 PFAS in Beef. IAFP. Volume 83, page 74.
     

  • Domesle, A., Ou, O., Johnston, J., Flynn, E., Sisco, P., Duverna, R. 2020. Monitoring and Evaluation of 18 Different Metals in U.S. Meat and Poultry. IAFP. Volume 83, page 73.
     

  • Duong, M., Shumaker, E. T., Cates, S. C., Shelley, L., Goodson, L., Bernstein, C., Lavallee, A., Kirchner, M., Goulter, R., Jaykus, L. A., Chapman, B. 2020. An Observational Study of Thermometer Use by Consumers When Preparing Ground Turkey Patties. Journal of Food Protection. Volume 83, Issue 7.
     

  • Ebel, E. D., Williams, M. S.,, Amann, D. M., 2020. Quantifying the effects of reducing sample size on 2-class attributes sampling plans: Implications for United States poultry performance standards. Food Control: Volume 111, May 2020, 107068
     

  • Hretz, S. 2020. Comparison in the Recovery of Campylobacter from Poultry Establishments Using Direct Plating Versus Enrichment Methodologies: Amplified Population or Expanded Population? IAFP. Volume 83, page 107.
     

  • Johnston, J., Duverna, R., Williams, M., Kishore, R., Yee, C., Jarosh, J. 2020. Investigating the Suitability of Semicarbazide as an Indicator of Preharvest Nitrofurazone Use in Raw Chicken. Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 83, No. 8, 2020, Pages 1368–1373.
     

  • Mamber, S., Mohr, T., Leathers, C., Mbandi, E., Bronstein, P. A., Barlow, K., Silverman, M., Aston, C., Izsak, Y., Saini, N.S., LaBarre, D., Minocha, U., Smedra, J., Levine, P., Kause, J. 2020. Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-eat Meat and Poultry Product Verification Testing Samples from United States Department of Agriculture-regulated Producing Establishments, 2005-2017. Journal of Food Protection. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-010
     

  • McMillan, E. A., Wasilenko, J.L., Tagg, K. A., Chen, J. C., Simmons, M., Gupta, S. K., Tillman, G.E., Folster, J., Jackson, C. R. and Frye, J. G., 2020. Carriage and Gene Content Variability of the pESI-Like Plasmid Associated with Salmonella Infantis Recently Established in U.S. Poultry Production. Genes 2020, 11(12), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11121516
     

  • Pouillot R., Schlosser W., Van Doren J. M., Dennis S. B., and Kause J. R., 2020. Assessment of the risk of salmonellosis linked to the consumption of liquid egg products made from internally contaminated shell eggs initially stored at 65°F (18°C) compared with 45°F (7°C). Journal of Food Protection. Vol 83, Issue. 5. Model code.
     

  • Scott, M. E., Mbandi, E., Buchanan, S., Abdelmajid, N., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Robertson Hale, K., Jacobsen, L., Webb, J., Green, J., Dolan, P. 2020. Salmonella And Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli In Products Sampled In The Food Safety And Inspection Service Raw Pork Baseline Study. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 83, Issue 3.
     

  • Shaw, S. L., Esteban, J. E., Kissler, B. W., Freiman, J. L., Tillman, G. E. 2020. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing at the Food Safety and Inspection Service to Detect and Investigate Foodborne Illness Outbreaks. Food Protection Trends. Volume 40, No. 4, pages 268-270.
     

  • Simmons, M., Wasilenko, J., Maier, M., Douris, A., Battles, J., Minicozzi, J., Morales, C., Myers, M., Ben-Ghaly, L., Tillman, G. 2020. Inferred Salmonella enterica Serotype from Whole Genome Sequencing Data Using SeqSero2. IAFP. Volume 83, page 45.
     

  • Stapp-Kamotani, E., Golden, N., Carter, J., Lanier, W., Clinch, N., Izsak, Y. 2020. Salmonella and Campylobacter in Chicken Necks, Hearts, Gizzards, and Livers. IAFP. Volume 83, page 107.
     

  • Wang, Y., Hou, N., Johnston, J., Sarreal, C., Jarosh, J., Hughes, A.C., Gu, Y., He, X. 2020. Low prevalence of mobile colistin-resistance in U.S. meat, catfish, poultry and genomic characterization of a mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli strain. Food Control. Volume 118, 107434
     

  • Williams, M. S., Ebel, E. D., Saini, G., Nyirabahizi, E. 2020. Changes in Salmonella Contamination in Meat and Poultry Since the Introduction of the Pathogen Reduction; Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Rule. Journal of Food Protection. 83 (10): 1707–1717.
     

  • Zablotsky Kufel, J., Fields, R., Crockett, J., Gonzales, M., Catlin, M., Ronca, J., Derfler, P. 2020. Strategic Allocation of Sampling Resources at the United States Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service. IAFP. Volume 83, page 42.
     

  • Abley, M., Jennings, A., Navin, J., Popoola, H., Schaffner, D. 2019. Home Delivery of Food: The Last Mile Is Not What It Used To Be. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 27.
     
  • Abdelmajid, N., Carter, M. J., Gonzalez-Rivera, C., Seys, S., Whitaker, R., 2019. Effects of Interventions on Indicator Organism Levels in Beef Slaughter. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 48.
     
  • Abdelmajid, N., Buchanan, S., Dolan, P., Green, J., Scott, M., Webb, J. 2019. Food Safety and Inspection Service Nationwide Raw Pork Products Sampling Study. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 318.
     
  • Abley, M., Pointon, A., Rasmussen, M., Riess, B. 2019. Improving Postmortem Inspection of Beef for Human Health Protection. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg  31.
     

  • Andress, E., Lavallee, A., Schaffner, D. 2019. Fact or Fiction: Combatting Consumer Perceptions of Food Safety Myths with Data; Presentation:  Utilizing Consumer Handling Data on Poultry Washing and Thermometer Use to Develop Methods Address Myths. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 15.
     

  • Appelt, M., Cook, R., Rottenberg, C. 2019. Scientific Modernization of Meat Inspection – The International High Speed Train – Catch It or Get De-Railed. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg  29-30.
     

  • Bauer, N., Golden, N., Schlosser, W., Schmidt, S., Stapp-Kamotani, E. 2019. Salmonella and Campylobacter in Religious-exempt and Low-volume Poultry Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 318.
     

  • Bearson B. L., Trachsel J.M., Holman D. B., Brunelle B. W., Sivasankaran S. K., Simmons M., Wasilenko J., Tillman G., Johnston J. J., Bearson S. M. D. (2019) Complete Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar I 4,[5],12:i:- 2015 U.S. Pork Outbreak Isolate USDA15WA-1. Microbiology Resource Announcements. Vol 9, Iss 40. Pg 1-3.
     

  • Brown, E., Dessai, U., McGarry, S., Gerner-Smidt, P. 2019. Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing for Food Safety and Public Health in the United States. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 16(7):441–450.
     

  • Castle, M., Esteban, J. E., Fikree, F., Hammack, T., In’T Veld, P., Krishna, B., Vergara Escobar, C. 2019. The Use of Rapid Microbial Methods by Government Agencies for “Official” Testing; Presentation: USDA FSIS Process to Accept the Use of Rapid Microbial Methods. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 14.
     

  • Chen, W. S., Levine, J. 2019. Correlating Salmonella Isolates: Multi-drug Resistance and Serotype Concordance between CDC PulseNet Illness Clusters and FSIS-regulated Establishment Samples. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 94.
     

  • Christophe, N., Conrad, A., Donovan, D., Freiman, J., Hamdani, S., Haro, J., Heines, V., Minocha, U., Rue, B., Simmons, M., Silverman, M., Scott, M., Tillman, G., Webb, B. 2019. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiologic, and Traceback Data to Link a Multistate Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak to Ready-to-Eat Pork Products.  Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 133.
     

  • Clark, C., Crews, M. K., Hretz S., Izsak, Y., Minocha, U., Seys, S., Silverman, M., Simmons, M., Tillman, G., Wasilenko, J. 2019. Frequency of Multi-Locus Sequence Types in FSIS-regulated Ready-to-Eat Products. Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 138. 
     

  • Danielle M. Tack, DVM1; Ellyn P. Marder, MPH1; Patricia M. Griffin, MD1; Paul R. Cieslak, MD2; John Dunn, DVM3; Sharon Hurd, MPH4; Elaine Scallan, PhD5; Sarah Lathrop, PhD6; Alison Muse, MPH7; Patricia Ryan, MD8; Kirk Smith, DVM9; Melissa Tobin-D’Angelo, MD10; Duc J. Vugia, MD11; Kristin G. Holt, DVM12; Beverly J. Wolpert, PhD13; Robert Tauxe, MD1; Aimee L. Geissler, 2019. Preliminary Incidence and Trends of Infections with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food — Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network, 10 U.S. Sites, 2015–2018, MMWR Weekly/April 26, 2019 / 68(16);369-373
     

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  • Duverna, R., Jarosh, J., Johnston, J., Kishore, R., Yee, C. 2019. Investigation into the Detection of Semicarbzide, a Nitrofurazone Indicator, in Chicken.  Journal of Food Protection. Vol 82, Pg 172.
     

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  • Minocha, U., Jennifer Freiman, Jovita Haro, Glenn Tillman, Mustafa Simmons, Meryl Silverman, Maria Scott, Brad Webb, Amanda Conrad, Danielle Donovan, Vivienne Heines, Brenda Rue, Natalie Christopher, and Sakina Hamdani,. 2019. Use of Whole Genome Sequencing, Epidemiologic, and Traceback Data to Link a Multistate Listeria monocytogenes Outbreak to Ready-to-Eat Pork Products.
     

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  • National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods (2019) “Response to questions posed by the Food and Drug Administration regarding virulence factors and attributes that define foodborne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) as severe human pathogens,” Journal of Food Protection, Vol 82(5), pp 724-767.

     

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  • Ebel, E., Williams, M. 2015. When are qualitative testing results sufficient to predict a reduction in illnesses in a microbiological food-safety risk assessment? Journal of Food Protection 78:1451-1460.
     
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